Dominican Monastery and Museum
The Dominican Monastery in Dubrovnik stands next to the city walls and the old port, and was founded in 1225, making it one of the oldest religious buildings in the city. It was originally outside the walls, but due to its defensive importance it was soon incorporated into the city system, so the people of Dubrovnik built it together starting in 1301. Interestingly, its location was so important that the city authorities officially invited citizens to help with the construction, with money and labor.
The complex includes the Gothic church of St. Dominic, a bell tower, a cloister and three monastery wings. The church of St. Dominic was the largest single-nave church on the eastern coast of the Adriatic, and the designs for it were made by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, while the construction was led by local craftsmen. The cloister is special because of its combination of Gothic and Renaissance motifs, and in the middle there is a 16th-century well that could supply water not only to the monastery, but also to a good part of the city for three years. The design for the cloister was made by Masso di Bartolomeo from Florence, who was not actually an architect, but a sculptor and gunsmith.
The monastery was more than a religious center – already in the 16th century, the first public library and pharmacy in Dubrovnik were opened here, and in the 17th century, a free gymnasium accessible to all social classes was founded. The library was the first of its kind in this part of Europe, and today it houses 239 incunabula and numerous valuable manuscripts. Numerous brotherhoods operated in the monastery, including the oldest painting association in the Slavic regions, founded in 1492. This explains the wealth of artworks within the complex, among which stand out works by Dubrovnik masters Lovro Dobričević, Mihajlo Hamzić and Nikola Božidarević, as well as the large altarpiece of St. Magdalene from 1550, a work by the famous Titian.
It is particularly interesting that the church houses one of the largest painted crucifixes in Europe, a five-meter-high crucifix by Paolo Veneziano from 1350, which was erected as a vow against the plague epidemic. The museum, which has been open to the public since 1970, also houses a diptych by the Flemish master Hans Memling and works by Lorenzo di Credio.
Throughout its history, the monastery has suffered damage in the earthquake of 1667 and during the French occupation, but has been restored and adapted to new needs each time. Today, the museum houses a collection of over 200 incunabula, valuable manuscripts, paintings and objects of everyday life from different periods, providing an insight into the material culture of Dubrovnik through the centuries.
Another interesting fact: the oldest dated grave in the church dates back to 1315, and the name of the famous Dubrovnik builder Paskoj Miličević is inscribed on the church wall in gratitude for his contribution to the construction.
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